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X2252

Sigma-Aldrich

Xanthine Oxidase microbial

lyophilized powder, ≥7 units/mg solid

Synonym(s):

Schardingerenzyme, XO, hypoxanthine oxidase, XOD, Xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase

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About This Item

CAS Number:
9002-17-9
Enzyme Commission number:
1.17.3.2 (BRENDA, IUBMB)
EC Number:
232-657-6
MDL number:
MFCD00082145
UNSPSC Code:
12352204
NACRES:
NA.54

biological source

microbial

Quality Level

200

form

lyophilized powder

specific activity

≥7 units/mg solid

mol wt

~160 kDa

storage condition

(Tightly closed. Dry. Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized
persons)

technique(s)

inhibition assay: suitable

color

brown

optimum pH

7.5-8.0

UniProt accession no.

Q46799
Q46800
Q46801

shipped in

wet ice

storage temp.

−20°C

Gene Information

Escherichia coli K12 ... xdhA(947116) , xdhB(947205) , xdhC(945148)

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General description

Research area: Cell Cycle

Xanthine Oxidase (XO), a versatile molybdoflavoprotein, is one of the forms of xanthine oxidoreductases (XORs). XO is characterized with two flavin molecules (FAD), two molybdenum atoms, and eight iron atoms bound per enzymatic unit.

Application

Xanthine Oxidase microbial has been used:
  • to determine in vitro xanthine oxidase activity
  • as a source to generate superoxide anions during superoxide dismutase assay
  • as a component of the reagent mix in colorimetric paper-based device to detect allopurinol in traditional medicine by enzymatic reaction

Biochem/physiol Actions

Xanthine Oxidase catalyzes the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and oxygen free radicals during purine metabolism. This enzyme is also implicated in caffeine metabolism. XO also plays a vital role in the catabolism of xenobiotics including various drugs such as thiopurine drugs, containing 6-mercaptopurine, allopurinol, and uric acid. Excess of XO activity causes hyperuricemia (higher levels of uric acid in the blood), which further leads to gout.
Also contains proteolytic activity.

Physical properties

Inhibitors: Reducing agents, Hg++, Ag+,MIA
Optimum pH: 7.5 - 8.0
Optimum temperature: 65oC
pH Stability: pH 6.5 - 9.0 (25oC, 15hr)
Thermal stability: below 55oC (pH 8.0, 30min)

Unit Definition

One unit will convert 1.0 μmole of xanthine to uric acid per min at pH 7.5 at 25 °C. Approx. 50% of the activity is obtained with hypoxanthine as substrate.

Physical form

Lyophilized powder containing BSA and sodium glutamate as stabilizers

pictograms

Health hazard
GHS08

signalword

Danger

hcodes

H334

Hazard Classifications

Resp. Sens. 1

Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk_germany

WGK 3

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

ppe

Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Pál Pacher et al.
Pharmacological reviews, 58(1), 87-114 (2006-03-02)
The prototypical xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol, has been the cornerstone of the clinical management of gout and conditions associated with hyperuricemia for several decades. More recent data indicate that XO also plays an important role in various forms of
Michael C Hall
Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 292(1-2), 1-11 (2006-09-20)
The cytotoxicity of five oxysterols identified in cooked fish, 7-ketocholesterol, 7beta-hydroxycholesterol, cholesterol 5alpha,6alpha-epoxide, cholestanetriol and 4-cholesten-3-one, was investigated in primary cultures of bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Cells were exposed to the oxysterols individually and to a mixture of the same
P J Marro et al.
Pediatric research, 41(4 Pt 1), 513-520 (1997-04-01)
The effect of allopurinol to inhibit purine metabolism via the xanthine oxidase pathway in neonates with severe, progressive hypoxemia during rescue and reperfusion with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was examined. Twenty-five term infants meeting ECMO criteria were randomized in a
Kavita R Hegde et al.
Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde, 222(3), 194-198 (2008-05-24)
Oxidative stress is considered to be a significant risk factor in the pathogenesis of many eye diseases associated with aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of retinal tissue to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage, and
Zafer Teke et al.
Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research, 25(6), 354-365 (2012-12-12)
We aimed to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on intestinal mucosal injury induced by superior mesenteric occlusion. This experimental study was conducted on 48 male Wistar-albino rats. The animals were randomly allocated into four groups: (i)
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Protocols

Assay Procedure for Xanthine Oxidase Microbial

The appearance of uric acid is measured at 293nm by spectrophotometry.

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