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K1003

Sigma-Aldrich

Ketoconazole

99.0-101.0% (EP, titration)

Synonym(s):

(±)-cis-1-Acetyl-4-(4-[(2-[2,4-dichlorophenyl]-2-[1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl]-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-methoxy]phenyl)piperazine

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C26H28Cl2N4O4
CAS Number:
65277-42-1
Molecular Weight:
531.43
EC Number:
265-667-4
MDL number:
MFCD00058579
UNSPSC Code:
51101500
PubChem Substance ID:
24278176
NACRES:
NA.85

description

Specific Optical Rotation (EP): (−0.10) ∼ +0.10 °

Quality Level

200

Assay

99.0-101.0% (EP, titration)

form

powder

color

white to off-white

antibiotic activity spectrum

Gram-positive bacteria
fungi
yeast

Mode of action

enzyme | inhibits

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

CC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)c2ccc(OC[C@H]3CO[C@@](Cn4ccnc4)(O3)c5ccc(Cl)cc5Cl)cc2

InChI

1S/C26H28Cl2N4O4/c1-19(33)31-10-12-32(13-11-31)21-3-5-22(6-4-21)34-15-23-16-35-26(36-23,17-30-9-8-29-18-30)24-7-2-20(27)14-25(24)28/h2-9,14,18,23H,10-13,15-17H2,1H3/t23-,26-/m0/s1

InChI key

XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N

Gene Information

human ... ABCB1(5243) , CYP11B1(1584) , CYP11B2(1585) , CYP17A1(1586) , CYP19A1(1588) , CYP1A2(1544) , CYP24A1(1591) , CYP26A1(1592) , CYP3A4(1576) , CYP51A1(1595) , KCNH1(3756)
mouse ... Abcb1a(18671) , Abcb1b(18669)
rat ... Alox5(25290) , Cyp17a1(25146) , Cyp51(25427) , Cyp7a1(25428)

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General description

Chemical structure: imidazole

Application

Ketoconazole is a broad spectrum antifungal agent used to treat candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, oral thrush, candiduria, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, chromomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. It is used to identify p-glycoprotein/CYP3A-limited bioavailability in the monkey model, to study interleukin 1 mediated antitumor effects, and drug interactions in vivo
CYP3A4 inhibitor

Biochem/physiol Actions

Ketoconazole interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme that is necessary for the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. This interaction inhibits ergosterol synthesis and results in increased fungal cellular permeability. Other possible mechanisms of action are the inhibition of endogenous respiration, interaction with membrane phospholipids, inhibition of yeast transformation to mycelial forms, inhibition of purine uptake, and impairment of triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis. Ketoconazole inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane and sterols such as aldosterone, cortisol, and testosterone .
Antifungal agent

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H301,H360F,H373,H410

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 3 Oral - Aquatic Acute 1 - Aquatic Chronic 1 - Repr. 1B - STOT RE 2

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Wendy W J van de Sande et al.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 54(6), 2738-2740 (2010-03-31)
Eumycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis is treated surgically and with high doses of ketoconazole. Therapeutic responses are poor, and recurrent infections are common. In search of therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of mycetoma, we determined the in vitro susceptibilities of
Francisco M Garibotto et al.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 18(1), 158-167 (2009-12-05)
The synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and conformational study of a new series of small-size peptides acting as antifungal agents are reported. In a first step of our study we performed a conformational analysis using Molecular Mechanics calculations. The electronic study
L L von Moltke et al.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 268(3), 1278-1283 (1994-03-01)
Biotransformation of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (DMI) to its metabolite 2-hydroxy-desipramine (2-OH-DMI) was studied in vitro using microsomal preparations from human, monkey, mouse and rat liver. In all species 2-OH-DMI was the principal identified metabolite. Mean (+/- S.E.) reaction parameters
P G Braunschweiger et al.
Cancer research, 50(15), 4709-4717 (1990-08-01)
In the present studies, the regulatory role of adrenal hormones on the antitumor activity of recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) was investigated. Ketoconazole, a potent but transient inhibitor of adrenal steroid hormone biosynthesis, inhibited IL-1 alpha induced increases
Keith W Ward et al.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 32(2), 172-177 (2004-01-28)
The effect of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and/or CYP3A on the disposition of xenobiotics has been extensively investigated and is often of interest during drug discovery lead optimization. We have previously described a monkey pharmacokinetic screen to rapidly estimate absorption and first-pass
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